Not only did chorographies represent a fairly new genre, appearing first in the late fifteenth century, they also had become an extremely popular medium by the seventeenth century. Esser further argues persuasively that they present an exemplary vehicle for the expression of different types of identities, while, on a more methodical level, they marked the shift from rhetorical to empirical knowledge.
The relatively long first part analyses historiography in the North, starting with the three Amsterdam chorographies by Johannes Pontanus, Olfert Dapert, and Caspar Commelin, which set the agenda for other works in the United Provinces. The three authors contributed to an image of Amsterdam as a pragmatic and modern city, with Dappert in particular stressing the positive impact of its many immigrants.
These two rising cities are contrasted with Nijmegen, one of the political and economic losers of the war. All three northern cities, on the other hand, share a complicated role during the revolt.
Amsterdam and Haarlem had long stayed loyal to the Habsburgs; their historians needed to cope with the image of a reluctant rebel. Nijmegen changed sides several times during the uprising, dividing its population and accelerating its decline.
Esser demonstrates how the humanist approach, as practiced by Lipsius, slowly gave way to a confessionalised Counter-Reformation discourse.
This emerges, for example, in the treatises on Flemish Geraardsbergen by Jean Baptiste Gramaye, Antonius Sanderus, and Johannes van Waesberghe, which increasingly focused on sacred space, i.
The recent war, however, was sidelined, because its memory was considered too painful. But unlike the North, the South was in no need for a new master narrative, and overlooking the Revolt helped to underline continuity in both secular and spiritual spheres. The third part switches focus from the urban centres to the provinces.
The last chapter studies the contested border region of Brabant in detail, whose chequered history posed a challenge to chorographers, since it fitted the dominant northern and southern narratives only with difficulty. This direct comparison of a shared past through two different lenses offers a profound insight into historiographical selection and interpretation. Esser concludes with a number of general comparisons. The North produced overall more chorographies, especially of the urban kind, which also tended to be written in the vernacular.
The focus in the South seemed to be more regional, the language of choice generally Latin, and authors were predominantly clerics. It may come as less of a surprise that academically trained writers with a large scholarly network produced more successful results than provincial amateurs. Esser also regularly reminds us that the act of remembering implies a solid portion of forgetting.
The book certainly represents a landmark in the study of historiography in the Low Countries during the seventeenth century. It intentionally compares the most diverse authors, not only with respect to their social, political and confessional background, but also their education, methods, and networks.
To get a proper grip on its central questions, this careful analysis concentrates particularly on representations of common origins, historical continuity, religious confession, the Dutch Revolt and its aftermath, past and contemporary migrations, as well as the re-use of existing narratives. It is therefore the more striking that Walloon and High German parts of the Low Countries are severely neglected. This can only partly be excused by the fact that there were only few chorographies written in French.
Both the title and the introduction hint at an analysis of how chorographies and other media of memory interconnect, and how the former make reoccurring use of the latter. Much of this, however, gets lost in the subsequent chapters. The Politics of Memory does convince, though, with its encyclopaedic knowledge and its magisterial handling of a vast array of sources. Because of its universal nature, signNow works on any device and any operating system. Choose our eSignature tool and leave behind the old days with efficiency, security and affordability.
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